GERM Reservoir Database
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GERM Database Search Results
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Reservoir
Z
Element
Value
Median
SD
Low
High
N
Unit
Reference
===========
Default
Units ...
=======
ppm
ppb
ppt
wt%
wt%ox
=======
Default
Reservoir
Z
Element
Value
Median
SD
Low
High
N
Unit
Info
Reference
Source(s)
Garnet Peridotites
64
Gd
0.35
ppm
McDonough 1991
Maaloe & Aoki 1975
Jordan 1979
Boyd 1989
McDonough 1990
Island Arc Andesite
64
Gd
ppm
Kelemen et al. 2004
Marine Apatites
64
Gd
4
20
13
ppm
Altschuller 1980
Periodotite Section in Ophiolites
64
Gd
0.304
ppm
McDonough 1991
Primitive Mantle
64
Gd
0.595
ppm
McDonough 1991
McDonough & Frey 1989
Sun 1982
Spinel Peridotites
64
Gd
0.31
ppm
McDonough 1991
Maaloe & Aoki 1975
Jordan 1979
Boyd 1989
McDonough 1990
Apure River
Ti/Gd
93.8
Godfrey et al. 1996
Orinoco River
Ti/Gd
91.4
Godfrey et al. 1996
Radiolarian Clay
64
Gd
9.13
2
ppm
Plank & Langmuir 1998
Frankfort Howardites
64
Gd
860
ng/g
Mittlefehldt 2004
McCarthy et al. 1972
Palme et al. 1978
Parguaza River
Ti/Gd
81.2
Godfrey et al. 1996
Oceanic Plateaus
64
Gd
8.9
ppm
Kerr 2004
Salters et al. 1992
Basalts
64
Gd
8.43
16
ppm
Farmer 2004
Jung & Hoernes 2000
Pelagic Clay
64
Gd
8.43
8
ppm
Plank & Langmuir 1998
Mexico Trench
64
Gd
8.19
ppm
Plank & Langmuir 1998
Granites
64
Gd
8.17
ppm
Condie 1993
Basalts
64
Gd
8.03
6
ppm
Farmer 2004
Marzoli et al. 2000
Continental Intraplate Xenoliths
64
Gd
78.8
ppm
Pearson et al. 2004
Bedini & Bodinier 1999
Solimoes River
Ti/Gd
73.4
Godfrey et al. 1996
Metalliferous Clay
64
Gd
73.33
12
ppm
Plank & Langmuir 1998
Lena River
Ti/Gd
72.2
Godfrey et al. 1996
Ferruginous Clay
64
Gd
7.88
2
ppm
Plank & Langmuir 1998
Marine Pelagic Clay
64
Gd
7.8
ppm
Li 1982
Piper 1974
Basalts
64
Gd
7.75
8
ppm
Farmer 2004
Marzoli et al. 2000
Felsic Post-Archean Granulites
64
Gd
7.7
4.4
7
ppm
Rudnick & Fountain 1995
Granites
64
Gd
7.63
ppm
Condie 1993
Australian Granite
64
Gd
7.52
6
ppm
Kemp & Hawkesworth 2004
Turner et al. 1992
Makran Trench
64
Gd
7.23
ppm
Plank & Langmuir 1998
Granulites
64
Gd
7.2
4.12
63
ppm
Rudnick & Presper 1990
North Atlantic Ocean Deep Water
64
Gd
7.19
Bruland 1983
Elderfield & Greaves 1983
Basalts
64
Gd
7.09
13
ppm
Farmer 2004
Robert et al. 1992
Aldan River
Ti/Gd
69.6
Godfrey et al. 1996
Kolymar River
Ti/Gd
68.9
Godfrey et al. 1996
Rio Negro River
Ti/Gd
68.5
Godfrey et al. 1996
Basalts
64
Gd
6.97
27
ppm
Farmer 2004
Farmer et al. 2002
Basalts
64
Gd
6.92
4
ppm
Farmer 2004
Chung 1999
Mafic Post-Archean Granulites
64
Gd
6.9
4.7
21
ppm
Rudnick & Fountain 1995
Metapelitic Granulitic Xenolites
64
Gd
6.88
7.2
15
ppm
Rudnick & Fountain 1995
Lower Continental Crust
64
Gd
6.8
µg/g
Rudnick & Gao 2004
Villaseca et al. 1999
Basalts
64
Gd
6.75
44
ppm
Farmer 2004
Baker et al. 1997
Ashy Clay
64
Gd
6.73
4
ppm
Plank & Langmuir 1998
Phanerozoic Flood Basalts
64
Gd
6.56
36
ppm
Farmer 2004
Hooper & Hawkesworth 1993
Continental Intraplate Xenoliths
64
Gd
6.53
ppm
Pearson et al. 2004
Gregoire et al. 2002
South Antilles Trench
64
Gd
6.36
ppm
Plank & Langmuir 1998
Java Trench
64
Gd
6.23
ppm
Plank & Langmuir 1998
Continental Intraplate Xenoliths
64
Gd
6.22
ppm
Pearson et al. 2004
Johnson et al. 1996
Garonne River Particulates
64
Gd
6.1
µg/g
Martin & Meybeck 1979
Basalts
64
Gd
6.08
7
ppm
Farmer 2004
Price et al. 1997
Marine Shales
64
Gd
6
36
ppm
Altschuller 1980
Hermann 1970
Seawater
64
Gd
6
3.4
7.2
Bruland 1983
Primitive Mantle
64
Gd
571
57.1
ppb
Palme & O'Neill 2004
Primitive Mantle
64
Gd
571
ppb
Palme & O'Neill 2004
Primitive Mantle
64
Gd
544
54.4
ppb
McDonough & Sun 1995
Silicate Earth
64
Gd
544
54.4
ppb
McDonough & Sun 1995
Granulites
64
Gd
5.88
3.46
99
ppm
Rudnick & Presper 1990
Felsic Volcanics
64
Gd
5.8
ppm
Condie 1993
North Pacific Ocean Deep Water
64
Gd
5.8
Bruland 1983
Masuda & Ikeuchi 1979
Pelagic Clay
64
Gd
5.8
56
ppm
Plank & Langmuir 1998
Pelagic Clay
64
Gd
5.8
56
ppm
Plank & Langmuir 1998
Silty Mud
64
Gd
5.77
16
ppm
Plank & Langmuir 1998
Felsic Volcanics
64
Gd
5.72
ppm
Condie 1993
Shales
64
Gd
5.6
ppm
Condie 1993
Basalts
64
Gd
5.56
3
ppm
Farmer 2004
Wilson et al. 1997
Peninsular Range Batholith
(Gd/Yb)(N)
5.51
Kemp & Hawkesworth 2004
Sylvester 1995
Mafic Archean Granulites
64
Gd
5.5
3.9
16
ppm
Rudnick & Fountain 1995
Izu-Bonin Trench
64
Gd
5.46
ppm
Plank & Langmuir 1998
Continental Crust
64
Gd
5.4
µg/g
Rudnick & Gao 2004
Taylor 1964
Lower Continental Crust
64
Gd
5.4
ppm
Wedepohl 1995
Lower Continental Crust
64
Gd
5.4
µg/g
Rudnick & Gao 2004
Wedepohl 1995
Radiolarian Clay
64
Gd
5.32
8
ppm
Plank & Langmuir 1998
Radiolarian Clay
64
Gd
5.32
8
ppm
Plank & Langmuir 1998
Mekong River Particulates
64
Gd
5.3
µg/g
Martin & Meybeck 1979
East Sunda Trench
64
Gd
5.27
ppm
Plank & Langmuir 1998
E-MORB
64
Gd
5.26
ppm
Klein 2004
Lehnert 2000
Subducted Sediment
64
Gd
5.26
2.04
ppm
Plank & Langmuir 1998
Early Proterozoic Upper Crust
64
Gd
5.24
ppm
Condie 1993
Late Proterozoic Upper Crust
64
Gd
5.24
ppm
Condie 1993
Shales
64
Gd
5.22
ppm
Condie 1993
Marine Shales
64
Gd
5.2
ppm
Li 1991
Turekian & Wedepohl 1961
Haskin & Haskin 1966
North American Shale Composite (NASC)
64
Gd
5.2
ppm
Condie 1993
Middle Proterozoic Upper Crust
64
Gd
5.19
ppm
Condie 1993
Andesites
64
Gd
5.17
ppm
Condie 1993
Nankai Trench
64
Gd
5.13
ppm
Plank & Langmuir 1998
Pelagic Clay
64
Gd
5.13
55
ppm
Plank & Langmuir 1998
Mesozoic & Cenozoic Upper Crust
64
Gd
5.11
ppm
Condie 1993
Radiolarian Clay
64
Gd
5.11
11
ppm
Plank & Langmuir 1998
Granites
64
Gd
5.1
ppm
Kemp & Hawkesworth 2004
Sylvester 1995
North Antilles Trench
64
Gd
5.09
ppm
Plank & Langmuir 1998
N-MORB
64
Gd
5.077
1.853
26
ppm
Hofmann 1988
Jochum et al. 1988
Paleozoic Upper Crust
64
Gd
5.04
ppm
Condie 1993
Japan Trench
64
Gd
5.03
ppm
Plank & Langmuir 1998
Kuriles Trench
64
Gd
5.03
ppm
Plank & Langmuir 1998
Goalpara Ureilite
64
Gd
5
1
ppb
Boynton et al. 1976
River Particulates
64
Gd
5
µg/g
Martin & Meybeck 1979
Ryuku Trench
64
Gd
45.75
ppm
Plank & Langmuir 1998
Pelagic Clay
64
Gd
41.44
6
ppm
Plank & Langmuir 1998
Upper Continental Crust
Ti/Gd
41
Taylor et al. 1983
Taylor & McLennan 1981
Serra De Mage Eucrite
64
Gd
407
ng/g
Mittlefehldt 2004
Barrat et al. 2000
McCarthy et al. 1973
Stannern Eucrite
64
Gd
4010
ng/g
Mittlefehldt 2004
Barrat et al. 2000
McCarthy et al. 1973
Andesites
64
Gd
4.94
ppm
Condie 1993
Post-Archean Terrrains
64
Gd
4.93
ppm
Condie 1991
Early Proterozoic Upper Crust
64
Gd
4.92
ppm
Condie 1993
Late Proterozoic Upper Crust
64
Gd
4.92
ppm
Condie 1993
Intermediate Mafic Post-Archean Granulites
64
Gd
4.9
4.1
20
ppm
Rudnick & Fountain 1995
Felsic Volcanics
64
Gd
4.87
ppm
Condie 1993
Middle Proterozoic Upper Crust
64
Gd
4.85
ppm
Condie 1993
Mesozoic & Cenozoic Upper Crust
64
Gd
4.81
ppm
Condie 1993
Andes Basalt
64
Gd
4.79
10
ppm
Kelemen et al. 2004
Oceanic Plateaus
64
Gd
4.76
ppm
Kerr 2004
Kerr et al. 1997
Hauff et al. 2000
Felsic Volcanics
64
Gd
4.72
ppm
Condie 1993
Felsic Volcanics
64
Gd
4.72
ppm
Condie 1993
Paleozoic Upper Crust
64
Gd
4.71
ppm
Condie 1993
Basalts
64
Gd
4.69
5
ppm
Farmer 2004
Wilson et al. 1997
Granites
64
Gd
4.67
ppm
Condie 1993
Lower Continental Crust
64
Gd
4.67
µg/g
Rudnick & Gao 2004
Condie & Selverstone 1999
Tonalites-Trondhjemites-Granodiorites
64
Gd
4.67
ppm
Condie 1993
Andesites
64
Gd
4.65
ppm
Condie 1993
Oceanic Crust
64
Gd
4.6
ppm
Wedepohl & Hartmann 1994
Wedepohl 1981
REE Unfractionated CAI Inclusions
64
Gd
4.6
4.5
4.6
2
ppm
Martin & Mason 1974
Andesites
64
Gd
4.59
ppm
Condie 1993
Shales
64
Gd
4.55
ppm
Condie 1993
Andesites
64
Gd
4.54
ppm
Condie 1993
Graywackes
64
Gd
4.54
ppm
Condie 1993
Cascadia Trench
64
Gd
4.53
ppm
Plank & Langmuir 1998
Clastic Turbidites
64
Gd
4.53
28
ppm
Plank & Langmuir 1998
Basalts
64
Gd
4.52
ppm
Condie 1993
Oceanic Plateaus
64
Gd
4.51
ppm
Kerr 2004
Mahoney et al. 1993
Interlayerd Clay & Chert
64
Gd
4.5
2
ppm
Plank & Langmuir 1998
Upper Continental Crust
64
Gd
4.45
ppm
Condie 1993
DSDP/ODP Site 801
64
Gd
4.4
ppm
Elliot et al. 1997
Green Clay
64
Gd
4.4
3
ppm
Plank & Langmuir 1998
Intermediate Mafic Archean Granulites
64
Gd
4.4
3.5
24
ppm
Rudnick & Fountain 1995
Diatome Mud
64
Gd
4.38
6
ppm
Plank & Langmuir 1998
DSDP/ODP Site 801
64
Gd
4.37
ppm
Plank & Langmuir 1998
Felsic Volcanics
64
Gd
4.37
ppm
Condie 1993
Graywackes
64
Gd
4.34
ppm
Condie 1993
Graywackes
64
Gd
4.34
ppm
Condie 1993
Graywackes
64
Gd
4.34
ppm
Condie 1993
Transitional Mid-Ocean Ridge Basalts
64
Gd
4.32
ppm
Klein 2004
Lehnert 2000
Aleutian Trench
64
Gd
4.31
ppm
Plank & Langmuir 1998
Lower Continental Crust
64
Gd
4.31
µg/g
Rudnick & Gao 2004
Rudnick & Taylor 1987
Continental Crust
64
Gd
4.3
ppm
Wedepohl & Hartmann 1994
Wedepohl 1991
QUE 94201 Meteorite
64
Gd
4.3
ppm
McSween, Jr. 2004
Lodders 1998
Talkeetna Arc Plutonic Rocks
64
Gd
4.264
0.174
13
ppm
Kelemen et al. 2004
Felsic Volcanics
64
Gd
4.26
ppm
Condie 1993
Talkeetna Arc Plutonic Rocks
64
Gd
4.26
0.041
42
ppm
Kelemen et al. 2004
Basalts
64
Gd
4.22
ppm
Condie 1993
Upper Continental Crust
64
Gd
4.21
ppm
Condie 1993
Upper Continental Crust
64
Gd
4.21
µg/g
Rudnick & Gao 2004
Condie 1993
Marianas Trench
64
Gd
4.2
ppm
Plank & Langmuir 1998
Tonalites
64
Gd
4.2
ppm
Wedepohl 1995
Andesites
64
Gd
4.15
ppm
Condie 1993
Andesites
64
Gd
4.14
ppm
Condie 1993
Diatome Ooze
64
Gd
4.14
4
ppm
Plank & Langmuir 1998
Oceanic Plateaus
64
Gd
4.14
ppm
Kerr 2004
Tejada et al. 2002
Continental Crust
64
Gd
4.1
ppm
Rudnick & Fountain 1995
Wedepohl 1995
Phanerozoic Flood Basalts
64
Gd
4.09
9
ppm
Farmer 2004
Wooden et al. 1993
Tonalites-Trondhjemites-Granodiorites
64
Gd
4.09
ppm
Condie 1993
Fresh Mid-Ocean Ridge Basalts
64
Gd
4.04
27
ppm
Kelemen et al. 2004
Basalts
64
Gd
4.03
ppm
Condie 1993
DSDP/ODP Site 800
64
Gd
4.02
ppm
Plank & Langmuir 1998
Basalts
64
Gd
4.01
ppm
Condie 1993
Sumatra Trench
64
Gd
4.01
ppm
Plank & Langmuir 1998
Australian Granite
64
Gd
4
8
ppm
Kemp & Hawkesworth 2004
Whalen 1985
Continental Crust
64
Gd
4
µg/g
Rudnick & Gao 2004
Wedepohl 1995
Continental Crust
64
Gd
4
ppm
Wedepohl 1995
Felsic Archean Granulites
64
Gd
4
2.7
32
ppm
Rudnick & Fountain 1995
Greywackes
64
Gd
4
ppm
Wedepohl 1995
Mesozoic & Cenozoic Extensions
64
Gd
4
ppm
Rudnick & Fountain 1995
Middle Continental Crust
64
Gd
4
µg/g
Rudnick & Gao 2004
Rudnick & Fountain 1995
Middle Continental Crust
64
Gd
4
ppm
Rudnick & Fountain 1995
Middle Continental Crust
64
Gd
4
µg/g
Rudnick & Gao 2004
Middle Continental Crust
64
Gd
4
ppm
Kemp & Hawkesworth 2004
Rudnick & Gao 2004
Upper Continental Crust
64
Gd
4
ppm
Kemp & Hawkesworth 2004
Rudnick & Gao 2004
Upper Continental Crust
64
Gd
4
µg/g
Rudnick & Gao 2004
Upper Continental Crust
64
Gd
4
0.3
µg/g
Rudnick & Gao 2004
see text
Tonga Trench
64
Gd
38.22
ppm
Plank & Langmuir 1998
Primitive Mantle
Ti/Gd
36
Gao et al. 1998
Hofmann 1988
Binda Eucrite
64
Gd
355
ng/g
Mittlefehldt 2004
Barrat et al. 2000
McCarthy et al. 1973
Y-74450 Eucrites
64
Gd
3400
ng/g
Mittlefehldt 2004
Wanke et al. 1977
Continental Crust
64
Gd
3300
ppb
Palme & O'Neill 2004
Rudnick & Gao 2004
Interlayered Clay & Chert
64
Gd
33.72
12
ppm
Plank & Langmuir 1998
Manganese Nodules
64
Gd
32
ppm
Li 1991
Baturin 1988
Haynes et al. 1986
EET 84302 Acapulcoite
64
Gd
310
ng/g
Mittlefehldt 2004
Weigel et al. 1999
N-MORB
64
Gd
3.97
ppm
Klein 2004
Niu et al. 1999
Silicified Limestone
64
Gd
3.93
ppm
Plank & Langmuir 1998
Continental Arc Andesite
64
Gd
3.92
26
ppm
Kelemen et al. 2004
Phanerozoic Flood Basalts
64
Gd
3.91
7
ppm
Farmer 2004
Wooden et al. 1993
Vanuatu Trench
64
Gd
3.91
ppm
Plank & Langmuir 1998
Mesozoic & Cenozoic Orogens
64
Gd
3.9
ppm
Rudnick & Fountain 1995
Volcanoclastic Sediment
64
Gd
3.89
15
ppm
Plank & Langmuir 1998
Peru Trench
64
Gd
3.85
ppm
Plank & Langmuir 1998
Basalts
64
Gd
3.84
ppm
Condie 1993
Diatome Clay
64
Gd
3.8
6
ppm
Plank & Langmuir 1998
Paleozoic Orogens
64
Gd
3.8
ppm
Rudnick & Fountain 1995
Upper Continental Crust
64
Gd
3.8
µg/g
Rudnick & Gao 2004
Taylor & McLennan 1985
Taylor & McLennan 1995
Upper Continental Crust
64
Gd
3.8
ppm
Taylor et al. 1983
Taylor & McLennan 1981
Upper Continental Crust
64
Gd
3.8
ppm
Taylor & McLennan 1995
Late Archean Upper Crust
64
Gd
3.74
ppm
Condie 1993
Volcanoclastic Turbidites
64
Gd
3.71
13
ppm
Plank & Langmuir 1998
Active Continental Rifts
64
Gd
3.7
ppm
Rudnick & Fountain 1995
Continental Crust
64
Gd
3.7
µg/g
Rudnick & Gao 2004
Rudnick & Fountain 1995
Continental Crust
64
Gd
3.7
µg/g
Rudnick & Gao 2004
Continental Crust
64
Gd
3.7
ppm
Kemp & Hawkesworth 2004
Rudnick & Gao 2004
Mesozoic & Cenozoic Extensions
64
Gd
3.7
ppm
Rudnick & Fountain 1995
Mesozoic & Cenozoic Orogens
64
Gd
3.7
ppm
Rudnick & Fountain 1995
ODP/DSDP Site 417/418
64
Gd
3.7
ppm
Staudigel et al. 1995
Volcanoclastic Turbidites
64
Gd
3.7
ppm
Elliot et al. 1997
Graywackes
64
Gd
3.69
ppm
Condie 1993
Graywackes
64
Gd
3.69
ppm
Condie 1993
Turbidites
64
Gd
3.67
4
ppm
Plank & Langmuir 1998
ODP/DSDP Site 417/418
64
Gd
3.65
ppm
Staudigel et al. 1996
Alaska Trench
64
Gd
3.61
ppm
Plank & Langmuir 1998
Andesites
64
Gd
3.61
5
ppm
Kelemen et al. 2004
Continental Crust
64
Gd
3.6
ppm
Rudnick & Fountain 1995
Cratonic Xenoliths
64
Gd
3.6
ppm
Pearson et al. 2004
Gergoire et al. 2002
Island Arcs
64
Gd
3.6
ppm
Taylor & McLennan 1995
Lower Continental Crust
64
Gd
3.6
µg/g
Rudnick & Gao 2004
Rudnick & Presper 1990
Rifted Continental Margins
64
Gd
3.6
ppm
Rudnick & Fountain 1995
Zeolite Clay
64
Gd
3.59
3
ppm
Plank & Langmuir 1998
Early Archean Upper Crust
64
Gd
3.58
ppm
Condie 1993
Granulitic Xenolites
64
Gd
3.58
3.26
71
ppm
Rudnick & Presper 1990
Late Archean Upper Crust
64
Gd
3.58
ppm
Condie 1993
Basalts
64
Gd
3.57
ppm
Condie 1993
Continental Arc Andesite
64
Gd
3.55
107
ppm
Kelemen et al. 2004
Oceanic Plateaus
64
Gd
3.54
ppm
Kerr 2004
Tejada et al. 2002
Basalts
64
Gd
3.53
10
ppm
Farmer 2004
Chung et al. 2001
Continental Arcs
64
Gd
3.5
ppm
Rudnick & Fountain 1995
Continental Shields & Platforms
64
Gd
3.5
ppm
Rudnick & Fountain 1995
N-MORB
64
Gd
3.5
ppm
Klein 2004
Lehnert 2000
Oceanic Plateaus
64
Gd
3.5
ppm
Kerr 2004
Tejada et al. 1996
Fresh MORB in Indian Ocean
64
Gd
3.49
ppm
Klein 2004
Klein et al. 1991
Kamchatka Basalt
64
Gd
3.49
41
ppm
Kelemen et al. 2004
Tongan Basalts
64
Gd
3.49
5
ppm
Kelemen et al. 2004
Early Archean Upper Crust
64
Gd
3.47
ppm
Condie 1993
Marianas Basalt
64
Gd
3.47
36
ppm
Kelemen et al. 2004
Central American Basalts
64
Gd
3.46
29
ppm
Kelemen et al. 2004
Oceanic Plateaus
64
Gd
3.46
ppm
Kerr 2004
Reynaud et al. 1999
North Atlantic Ocean Surface Water
64
Gd
3.41
Bruland 1983
Elderfield & Greaves 1983
Active Continental Rifts
64
Gd
3.4
ppm
Rudnick & Fountain 1995
Archean Terrains
64
Gd
3.4
ppm
Taylor & McLennan 1995
Paleozoic Orogens
64
Gd
3.4
ppm
Rudnick & Fountain 1995
Peninsular Range Batholith
64
Gd
3.4
ppm
Kemp & Hawkesworth 2004
Sylvester 1995
Oceanic Plateaus
64
Gd
3.39
ppm
Kerr 2004
Mahoney et al. 1993
Luzon Basalt
64
Gd
3.38
8
ppm
Kelemen et al. 2004
Andesites
64
Gd
3.37
50
ppm
Plank & Langmuir 1998
Plank & Langmuir 1988
Cascade Basalt
64
Gd
3.37
11
ppm
Kelemen et al. 2004
Chert
64
Gd
3.37
4
ppm
Plank & Langmuir 1998
Continental Intraplate Xenoliths
64
Gd
3.35
ppm
Pearson et al. 2004
Glaser et al. 1999
Colombia Trench
64
Gd
3.34
ppm
Plank & Langmuir 1998
Scotia Island Basalt
64
Gd
3.34
15
ppm
Kelemen et al. 2004
Kamchatka Trench
64
Gd
3.33
ppm
Plank & Langmuir 1998
Volcanoclastic Turbidites
64
Gd
3.32
43
ppm
Plank & Langmuir 1998
Andaman Trench
64
Gd
3.3
ppm
Plank & Langmuir 1998
Continental Crust
64
Gd
3.3
ppm
Taylor & McLennan 1995
Continental Crust
64
Gd
3.3
µg/g
Rudnick & Gao 2004
Taylor & McLennan 1985
Taylor & McLennan 1995
Tonalites-Trondhjemites-Granodiorites
(Gd/Yb)(N)
3.3
355
Kemp & Hawkesworth 2004
Martin 1995
Basalts
64
Gd
3.26
ppm
Condie 1993
Archean Terrains
64
Gd
3.2
ppm
Taylor & McLennan 1995
Archean Terrains
64
Gd
3.14
ppm
Condie 1991
Lower Continental Crust
64
Gd
3.13
ppm
Taylor & McLennan 1995
Lower Continental Crust
64
Gd
3.13
µg/g
Rudnick & Gao 2004
Taylor & McLennan 1985
Taylor & McLennan 1995
Archean Terrains
64
Gd
3.1
ppm
Rudnick & Fountain 1995
Continental Shields & Platforms
64
Gd
3.1
ppm
Rudnick & Fountain 1995
Intermediate Mafic Granulitic Xenolites
64
Gd
3.1
2.8
18
ppm
Rudnick & Fountain 1995
Island Arc Andesite
64
Gd
3.1
134
ppm
Kelemen et al. 2004
Lower Continental Crust
64
Gd
3.1
ppm
Rudnick & Fountain 1995
Lower Continental Crust
64
Gd
3.1
ppm
Kemp & Hawkesworth 2004
Rudnick & Gao 2004
Lower Continental Crust
64
Gd
3.1
µg/g
Rudnick & Gao 2004
Rudnick & Fountain 1995
Lower Continental Crust
64
Gd
3.1
µg/g
Rudnick & Gao 2004
Rudnick & Fountain 1995
Melitite-rich Chondrules
64
Gd
3.1
2.2
4
10
ppm
Martin & Mason 1974
Greater Antilles Basalt
64
Gd
3.09
6
ppm
Kelemen et al. 2004
Mafic Granulitic Xenolites
64
Gd
3.06
2.71
63
ppm
Rudnick & Fountain 1995
Turbidites
64
Gd
3.05
4
ppm
Plank & Langmuir 1998
Central America Trench
64
Gd
3.04
ppm
Plank & Langmuir 1998
Continental Arcs
64
Gd
3
ppm
Rudnick & Fountain 1995
Oceanic Plateaus
64
Gd
3
ppm
Kerr 2004
Salters et al. 1992
Rifted Continental Margins
64
Gd
3
ppm
Rudnick & Fountain 1995
Pelagic Clay
64
Gd
29.2
ppm
Elliot et al. 1997
Pelagic Clay
64
Gd
29.2
6
ppm
Plank & Langmuir 1998
Hydrothermal Sediment
64
Gd
27.91
4
ppm
Plank & Langmuir 1998
Gibson Lodranite
64
Gd
260
ng/g
Mittlefehldt 2004
Weigel et al. 1999
Havero Urelite
64
Gd
25
ng/g
Mittlefehldt 2004
Wanke et al. 1972
Johnstown Diogenite
64
Gd
240
ng/g
Mittlefehldt 2004
Wanke et al. 1977
Macibini Eucrites
64
Gd
2300
ng/g
Mittlefehldt 2004
McCarthy et al. 1973
Buchanan et al. 2000b
Sioux County Eucrite
64
Gd
2070
ng/g
Mittlefehldt 2004
Barrat et al. 2000
McCarthy et al. 1973
CI Chondrites
64
Gd
204
10.2
ppb
Palme & O'Neill 2004
Palme & Jones 2004
CI Chondrites
64
Gd
204
ppb
McDonough & Sun 1995
Palme 1988
Depleted D-MORB basalts
Ti/Gd
2020
Salters & Stracke 2004
Novo-Urei Ureilite
64
Gd
20
2
ppb
Boynton et al. 1976
Continental Intraplate Xenoliths
64
Gd
2.99
ppm
Pearson et al. 2004
Ionov et al. 1997
Lesser Antilles Basalt
64
Gd
2.98
45
ppm
Kelemen et al. 2004
Tonalites-Trondhjemites-Granodiorites
64
Gd
2.98
ppm
Condie 1993
Oceanic Plateaus
64
Gd
2.94
ppm
Kerr 2004
Kerr et al. 1997
Hauff et al. 2000
Radiolarites
64
Gd
2.93
17
ppm
Plank & Langmuir 1998
Oceanic Plateaus
64
Gd
2.87
ppm
Kerr 2004
Hauff et al. 2000
Nanno Ooze
64
Gd
2.865
2
ppm
Plank & Langmuir 1998
New Hebrides Islands
64
Gd
2.86
20
ppm
Kelemen et al. 2004
Continental Intraplate Xenoliths
64
Gd
2.85
ppm
Pearson et al. 2004
Eggins et al. 1998
Upper Continental Crust
64
Gd
2.8
µg/g
Rudnick & Gao 2004
Wedepohl 1995
Upper Continental Crust
64
Gd
2.8
ppm
Wedepohl 1995
Precambrian Canadian Shield
64
Gd
2.79
ppm
Shaw et al. 1986
Granites
(Gd/Yb)(N)
2.72
Kemp & Hawkesworth 2004
Sylvester 1995
Oceanic Plateaus
64
Gd
2.67
ppm
Kerr 2004
Kerr et al. 2002
Talkeetna Arc Plutonic Rocks
64
Gd
2.667
0.274
7
ppm
Kelemen et al. 2004
Carbonate
64
Gd
2.63
13
ppm
Plank & Langmuir 1998
Nano Ooze
64
Gd
2.59
4
ppm
Plank & Langmuir 1998
Shergotty Meteorite
64
Gd
2.54
0.26
ppm
McSween, Jr. 2004
Lodders 1998
Continental Intraplate Xenoliths
64
Gd
2.52
ppm
Pearson et al. 2004
Eggins et al. 1998
Carbonate Turbidites
64
Gd
2.5
87
ppm
Plank & Langmuir 1998
Congo River Particulates
64
Gd
2.5
µg/g
Martin & Meybeck 1979
N-MORB
64
Gd
2.44
ppm
Klein 2004
Lehnert 2000
Continental Intraplate Xenoliths
64
Gd
2.36
ppm
Pearson et al. 2004
Bedini & Bodinier 1999
Granites
64
Gd
2.34
8
ppm
Kemp & Hawkesworth 2004
Kemp 2001
Chert
64
Gd
2.33
4
ppm
Plank & Langmuir 1998
Chert
64
Gd
2.3
ppm
Elliot et al. 1997
REE Fractionated CAI Inclusions
64
Gd
2.3
0.84
3.8
5
ppm
Martin & Mason 1974
Diatom Oozes & Clay
64
Gd
2.29
15
ppm
Plank & Langmuir 1998
South Sandwich Trench
64
Gd
2.29
ppm
Plank & Langmuir 1998
Aleutian Basalts
64
Gd
2.28
12
ppm
Kelemen et al. 2004
Cratonic Xenoliths
64
Gd
2.23
ppm
Pearson et al. 2004
Protolith Gabbros at ODP Site 735
64
Gd
2.2
8
ppm
Hart et al. 1999
Tonalites-Trondhjemites-Granodiorites
64
Gd
2.2
355
ppm
Kemp & Hawkesworth 2004
Martin 1995
Talkeetna Arc Plutonic Rocks
64
Gd
2.16
0.282
6
ppm
Kelemen et al. 2004
Middle Continental Crust
64
Gd
2.11
µg/g
Rudnick & Gao 2004
Shaw et al. 1994
Continental Intraplate Xenoliths
64
Gd
2.09
ppm
Pearson et al. 2004
Ionov 1996
Interlayered Chert & Limestone
64
Gd
2.07
5
ppm
Plank & Langmuir 1998
Oceanic Plateaus
64
Gd
2.07
ppm
Kerr 2004
Aitken & Echeverria 1984
Dupre & Echeverria 1984
Jochum et al. 1991
CI Chondrites
64
Gd
199
ppb
McDonough & Sun 1995
Orgueil Chondrite
64
Gd
199
7
ppb
Anders & Grevesse 1989
Ibitira Eucrite
64
Gd
1970
ng/g
Mittlefehldt 2004
Jarosewich 1990
Barrat et al. 2000
CI Chondrites
64
Gd
197
ppb
McDonough & Sun 1995
Wasson & Kallemeyn 1988
CI Chondrites
64
Gd
197
9.259
6
ppb
Anders & Ebihara 1982
Evensen et al. 1978
CI Chondrites
64
Gd
196.6
2.75
4
ppb
Anders & Grevesse 1989
Orgueil Chondrite
64
Gd
196
5
ppb
Anders & Ebihara 1982
Fresh Mid-Ocean Ridge Basalts
Ti/Gd
1937
Salters & Stracke 2004
Cratonic Xenoliths
64
Gd
19.2
ppm
Pearson et al. 2004
Kerm Trench
64
Gd
16.32
ppm
Plank & Langmuir 1998
MAC 88177 Lodranite
64
Gd
130
ng/g
Mittlefehldt 2004
Weigel et al. 1999
Marine Pelagic Clay
64
Gd
13
ppm
Li 1991
Turekian & Wedepohl 1961
Rankin & Glasby 1979
Pelagic Clay
64
Gd
13
3
ppm
Plank & Langmuir 1998
Moore County Eucrite
64
Gd
1260
ng/g
Mittlefehldt 2004
Barrat et al. 2000
McCarthy et al. 1973
Kapoeta Howardites
64
Gd
1250
ng/g
Mittlefehldt 2004
Wanke et al. 1972
Marine Apatites
64
Gd
12.8
13
ppm
Altschuller 1980
ALHA 77257 Urelite
64
Gd
12.4
ng/g
Mittlefehldt 2004
Jarosewich 1990
Warren & Kallemeyn 1992
Spitz & Boynton 1991
Australian Granite
64
Gd
12.4
ppm
Kemp & Hawkesworth 2004
Collins et al. 1982
Philip Trench
64
Gd
12.3
ppm
Plank & Langmuir 1998
Brown Clay
64
Gd
12.28
29
ppm
Plank & Langmuir 1998
Basalts
64
Gd
12
6
ppm
Farmer 2004
Turner et al. 1996a
Brown Clay
64
Gd
11.65
4
ppm
Plank & Langmuir 1998
Orangeite
64
Gd
11.4
114
ppm
Farmer 2004
Mitchell 1995
ALHA 81101 Urelite
64
Gd
10.4
ng/g
Mittlefehldt 2004
Warren & Kallemeyn 1992
Spitz & Boynton 1991
Radiolarites
64
Gd
1.9
ppm
Elliot et al. 1997
Oceanic Plateaus
64
Gd
1.87
ppm
Kerr 2004
Kerr et al. 1996
Australian Granite
(Gd/Yb)(N)
1.85
6
Kemp & Hawkesworth 2004
Turner et al. 1992
Radiolarites
64
Gd
1.85
4
ppm
Plank & Langmuir 1998
Lower Continental Crust
(Gd/Yb)(N)
1.7
Kemp & Hawkesworth 2004
Rudnick & Gao 2004
Continental Intraplate Xenoliths
64
Gd
1.68
ppm
Pearson et al. 2004
Ionov 1996
Upper Continental Crust
(Gd/Yb)(N)
1.65
Kemp & Hawkesworth 2004
Rudnick & Gao 2004
Continental Crust
(Gd/Yb)(N)
1.61
Kemp & Hawkesworth 2004
Rudnick & Gao 2004
Oceanic Plateaus
64
Gd
1.58
ppm
Kerr 2004
Aitken & Echeverria 1984
Dupre & Echeverria 1984
Jochum et al. 1991
Sandstones
64
Gd
1.52
ppm
Condie 1993
Middle Continental Crust
(Gd/Yb)(N)
1.5
Kemp & Hawkesworth 2004
Rudnick & Gao 2004
Oceanic Plateaus
64
Gd
1.5
ppm
Kerr 2004
Australian Granite
(Gd/Yb)(N)
1.47
8
Kemp & Hawkesworth 2004
Whalen 1985
Cratonic Xenoliths
64
Gd
1.4
ppm
Pearson et al. 2004
Talkeetna Arc Plutonic Rocks
64
Gd
1.35
0.033
31
ppm
Kelemen et al. 2004
Seawater
64
Gd
1.3
Li 1991
Whitfield & Turner 1987
Australian Granite
(Gd/Yb)(N)
1.25
Kemp & Hawkesworth 2004
Collins et al. 1982
Granites
(Gd/Yb)(N)
1.15
8
Kemp & Hawkesworth 2004
Kemp 2001
Solar Photosphere
64
Gd
1.12
0.04
Anders & Grevesse 1989
Solar Photosphere
64
Gd
1.12
0.04
Palme & Jones 2004
Grevesse & Sauval 1998
CI Chondrites
64
Gd
1.08
0.02
Palme & Jones 2004
Sandstones
64
Gd
1.04
ppm
Condie 1993
Core
64
Gd
0
µg/g
McDonough 1998
Oceanic Plateaus
64
Gd
0
ppm
Kerr 2004
Salters et al. 1992
Komatiites
64
Gd
0.96
ppm
Condie 1993
ALH 77005 Meteorite
64
Gd
0.92
ppm
McSween, Jr. 2004
Lodders 1998
Boninites
64
Gd
0.92
55
ppm
Kelemen et al. 2004
Nakhla Meteorite
64
Gd
0.86
0.08
ppm
McSween, Jr. 2004
Lodders 1998
Oceans Deep water
64
Gd
0.82
ng/kg
Quinby-Hunt & Turekian 1983
Elderfield & Greaves 1982
Seawater
64
Gd
0.8
ng/kg
Quinby-Hunt & Turekian 1983
Elderfield & Greaves 1982
Olivine Chondrules
64
Gd
0.75
0.46
1.1
3
ppm
Martin & Mason 1974
Primitive Mantle
64
Gd
0.74
ppm
McDonough & Frey 1989
Wanke et al. 1984
Silicate Earth
64
Gd
0.74
ppm
McDonough et al. 1992
Jagoutz et al. 1979
Wanke et al. 1984
Cratonic Xenoliths
64
Gd
0.718
ppm
Pearson et al. 2004
Cratonic Xenoliths
64
Gd
0.673
ppm
Pearson et al. 2004
Cratonic Xenoliths
64
Gd
0.67
ppm
Pearson et al. 2004
Stachel et al. 1998
Primitive Mantle
64
Gd
0.605
ppm
McDonough & Frey 1989
Sun 1982
Spinel Peridotites
64
Gd
0.6
0.31
0.83
67
ppm
McDonough 1990
Silicate Earth
64
Gd
0.595
ppm
McDonough et al. 1992
Sun 1982
Sun & McDonough 1989
McDonough & Frey 1989
Primitive Mantle
64
Gd
0.584
ppm
McDonough & Frey 1989
McDonough & Sun 1989
Cratonic Xenoliths
64
Gd
0.543
ppm
Pearson et al. 2004
Cratonic Xenoliths
64
Gd
0.54
ppm
Pearson et al. 2004
Gregoire et al. 2002
Oceans Surface water
64
Gd
0.54
ng/kg
Quinby-Hunt & Turekian 1983
Elderfield & Greaves 1982
Silicate Earth
64
Gd
0.54
µg/g
McDonough 1998
Silicate Earth
64
Gd
0.54
ppm
McDonough 2004
Primitive Mantle
64
Gd
0.513
ppm
Wedepohl & Hartmann 1994
Hofmann 1988
Primitive Mantle
64
Gd
0.5128
ppm
Hofmann 1988
Hart & Zindler 1986
Silicate Earth
64
Gd
0.5128
ppm
McDonough et al. 1992
Hofmann 1988
Primitive Mantle
64
Gd
0.506
ppm
McDonough & Frey 1989
Hart & Zindler 1986
Primitive Mantle
64
Gd
0.5
ppm
Wedepohl & Hartmann 1994
Continental Intraplate Xenoliths
64
Gd
0.47
ppm
Pearson et al. 2004
Ionov 1998
Primitive Mantle
64
Gd
0.459
ppm
McDonough & Frey 1989
Taylor & McLennan 1985
Silicate Earth
64
Gd
0.459
ppm
McDonough et al. 1992
Taylor & McLennan 1985
Primitive Mantle
64
Gd
0.44
ppm
Wedepohl & Hartmann 1994
Wedepohl 1991
Allende Meteorite
64
Gd
0.42
wt%ox
Martin & Mason 1974
Solar System
64
Gd
0.42
Anders & Ebihara 1982
Cameron 1982
Enriched-Depleted MORB Mantle
64
Gd
0.397
ppm
Workman & Hart 2005
Depleted Mantle
64
Gd
0.395
0.0395
ppm
Salters & Stracke 2004
Solid Earth
64
Gd
0.37
ppm
McDonough 2004
Solid Earth
64
Gd
0.37
µg/g
McDonough 1998
Depleted Mantle
64
Gd
0.358
0.332
0.379
ppm
Workman & Hart 2005
Solar System
64
Gd
0.331
Anders & Ebihara 1982
Balmuccia Spinel Lherzolites
64
Gd
0.33
0.21
18
ppm
Wedepohl & Hartmann 1994
Solar System
64
Gd
0.33
0.00462
4
Anders & Grevesse 1989
Cratonic Xenoliths
64
Gd
0.324
ppm
Pearson et al. 2004
Depleted-Depleted MORB Mantle
64
Gd
0.324
ppm
Workman & Hart 2005
CI Chondrites
64
Gd
0.293
ppm
McDonough et al. 1992
Baldissero Spinel Lherzolites
64
Gd
0.26
0.03
14
ppm
Wedepohl & Hartmann 1994
Cratonic Xenoliths
64
Gd
0.25
ppm
Pearson et al. 2004
Gregoire et al. 2002
Talkeetna Arc Plutonic Rocks
64
Gd
0.244
0.013
16
ppm
Kelemen et al. 2004
CI Chondrites
64
Gd
0.205
ppm
McDonough & Frey 1989
Palme et al. 1981
Anders & Ebihara 1982
Beer et al. 1984
Jochum et al. 1986
CI Chondrites
64
Gd
0.204
0.0102
ppm
Palme & Jones 2004
Palme & Beer 1993
CI Chondrites
64
Gd
0.1966
ppm
Palme & Jones 2004
Anders & Grevesse 1989
ALH 84001 Meteorite
64
Gd
0.14
ppm
McSween, Jr. 2004
Lodders 1998
Chassigny Meteorite
64
Gd
0.11
ppm
McSween, Jr. 2004
Lodders 1998
Cratonic Xenoliths
64
Gd
0.079
ppm
Pearson et al. 2004
Continental Intraplate Xenoliths
64
Gd
0.052
ppm
Pearson et al. 2004
Ionov 1996
Continental Intraplate Xenoliths
64
Gd
0.052
ppm
Pearson et al. 2004
Bedini & Bodinier 1999
Continental Intraplate Xenoliths
64
Gd
0.042
ppm
Pearson et al. 2004
Eggins et al. 1998
Continental Intraplate Xenoliths
64
Gd
0.016
ppm
Pearson et al. 2004
Eggins et al. 1998
Rivers
64
Gd
0.008
ppb
Li 1982
Martin & Meybeck 1979
Continental Intraplate Xenoliths
64
Gd
0.004
ppm
Pearson et al. 2004
Ionov 1996
Continental Intraplate Xenoliths
64
Gd
0.004
ppm
Pearson et al. 2004
Bedini & Bodinier 1999
Continental Intraplate Xenoliths
64
Gd
0.001
ppm
Pearson et al. 2004
Eggins et al. 1998
Seawater
64
Gd
0.0007
ppb
Li 1982
Seawater
64
Gd
6e-06
Broeker & Peng 1982